Your colon, also called the large intestine, is part of your digestive system. It helps to remove waste from your body. If cells within your colon grow too fast, you can develop colon polyps, and those polyps can lead to cancer.

U.S. News & World Report High Performing Colon Cancer Surgery
Colon cancer surgery was rated as high performing by U.S. News & World Report.

If you have early-stage colon cancer, you might not have any symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they could include:

  • Abdominal pain

  • Bleeding

  • Change in bowel habits

  • Weakness or tiredness

  • Unexplained weight loss

This is the most reliable test for finding polyps. It involves looking at your colon and rectum with a video camera attached to a long, flexible tube. After you undergo a bowel cleansing procedure, a doctor passes the tube through your rectum and colon.

These tests involve you providing a stool sample. Doctors examine the sample for hidden blood or altered DNA. These may be signs of polyps or cancer.

The test involves passing a thin, lighted tube through your rectum. Doctors use it to looks for polyps in the portion of your colon closest to your rectum and your rectum itself. The rectum is the lowest portion of your colon where your body stores stool. Like a colonoscopy, this test requires bowel cleansing beforehand.

This test uses a CT scan to view your colon after a bowel cleansing procedure.

Other risk factors include:

  • Diabetes

  • Heavy alcohol use

  • History of colon polyps

  • Inactive lifestyle

  • Inflammatory intestinal conditions, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

  • Low-fiber, high-fat diet

  • Obesity

  • Previous abdominal radiation

  • Smoking

Having regular colonoscopy screenings is the best way to prevent colon cancer. Doctors recommend routine colonoscopies beginning at age 45. If you have a family history of colon cancer or other known risk factors, your doctor might suggest earlier screenings. 

If you have colon cancer, you might need surgery. The type of surgery you will need depends on the size of your cancer.

For smaller cancers, your doctor might recommend a polypectomy.

Some cancerous polyps can be removed during a colonoscopy. The removal of polyps is called a polypectomy. If polyps can't be removed during a colonoscopy, your surgeon might recommend minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. During this procedure, surgeons make small incisions in your abdomen. These incisions are used to insert a tiny camera and special surgical instruments.

For larger cancerous polyps that cannot be removed through a polypectomy, your doctor may recommend a colectomy.

During this procedure, surgeons remove the cancer and some healthy tissue around the cancer. A colectomy is also called a segmental resection. Some colectomy surgeries are performed laparoscopically. During a laparoscopic procedure, a surgeon makes small incisions in your abdomen. These incisions are used to insert a tiny camera and special surgical instruments.

Others might require a traditional open surgery approach. Later-stage cancers could require a total colectomy. During a total colectomy, surgeons remove the entire colon. After a colectomy, your surgeon will repair the function of the colon. This can include the creation of an opening in your abdomen (stoma) so waste can leave your body.

Medication treatments for colon cancer include chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Chemotherapy works by killing cancer cells. Targeted therapy slows cancer cell growth. Immunotherapy makes your immune system attack cancer cells.

Radiation therapy uses radiation to kill cancer cells.

We offer advanced treatments options for patients facing colorectal cancer that has metastasized to the liver.

Hepatic Arterial Infusion (HAI) therapy

Hepatic Arterial Infusion (HAI) therapy is an innovative, targeted approach that delivers chemotherapy directly to the liver from a small pump that is surgically implanted. This precision treatment allows for chemotherapy to be delivered in high concentration directly to the liver while sparing healthy tissue and reducing challenging side effects for patients. This treatment is particularly effective for patients who are not candidates for liver surgery. It is also used to lower the chance of cancer coming back in patients who have had all colorectal liver metastases removed.

Our multidisciplinary team evaluates each patient to determine if they are candidates for this therapy option.

Liver transplant

Our experts serve patients who have colorectal liver metastasis if they qualify for a living liver donor transplant. This procedure treats patients whose colorectal cancer was removed but have liver metastases that cannot be surgically removed.

The transplant procedure

Candidates for transplant will undergo a standard transplant evaluation. The patient with cancer must have a potential living liver donor as deceased donation is not a standard option. The surgeon removes the cancer patient’s liver and replaces it with a portion of the donated liver. The donor’s liver, and the recipient’s liver, will grow to the size needed to support each patient. A recent study from Europe showed a 5-year survival rate increase from 9 percent without liver transplant to over 50% with liver transplant. Complete this form to be evaluated.

Kayla's transplant story

Learn how Kayla received a liver from a living donor to combat colorectal cancer.

Advancing our understanding of colon cancer

We want to prevent cancer and find better treatments. To do this, colon cancer experts at UW Health and the UW Carbone Cancer Center conduct laboratory research and clinical trials.

Find a clinical trial

At the UW Health | Carbone Cancer Center, we work together to provide the exact care you need, when you need it. 

Our team includes:

  • Colorectal surgeons

  • Digestive disease specialists

  • Genetic counselors

  • Integrative medicine physicians

  • Medical oncologists

  • Nutritionists

  • Palliative care professionals

  • Pathologists

  • Psychologists

  • Radiation oncologists

  • Social workers

The UW Health | Carbone Cancer Center is designated as a Comprehensive Cancer Center by the National Cancer Institute. This is the highest designation given by the nation’s leading cancer research group. 

  • The lighted exterior of the Health Sciences Learning Center and Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery
    The lighted exterior of the Health Sciences Learning Center and Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery
    UW Health | Carbone Cancer Center
    • 600 Highland Ave / Madison, WI
    • (608) 915-0100
  • Signage of UW Health | Carbone Cancer Center Rockford
    Signage of UW Health | Carbone Cancer Center Rockford
    UW Health | Carbone Cancer Center Rockford
    • 3535 N Bell School Rd / Rockford, IL
    • (779) 696-9400
  • Red brick and windows from the exterior of UW Health Cancer Center Johnson Creek
    Red brick and windows from the exterior of UW Health Cancer Center Johnson Creek
    UW Cancer Center Johnson Creek
    • 250 Doctors Ct / Johnson Creek, WI
    • (920) 699-3500
  • UW Health Cancer Center at ProHealth Care
    • N16 W24131 Riverwood Dr / Waukesha, WI
Two women standing next to each other and smiling
Colon cancerKayla receives liver from living donor, Morgan, to combat colorectal cancer
As a pharmacist at an oncology practice, Kayla Love has watched countless people battle tough-to-beat cancers.
Michael Hill (right) with his two sons Oliver (left) and Alex (middle)
Colon cancerMichael receives empathetic care
When Michael Hill was told that he would need surgery to remove a baseball-size tumor from his colon, he had little doubt that his UW Health surgeon, Dr. Ray King, had the training and experience to do the job.

The UW Health | Carbone Cancer Center offers many resources for patients and families faced with cancer.

The lighted exterior of the Health Sciences Learning Center and Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery

UW Health | Carbone Cancer Center

The experts at the UW Health | Carbone Cancer Center intimately understand every type of cancer. We will get to know you and design a treatment plan that works for you and your family.

Learn more