Your colon, also called the large intestine, is part of your digestive system. It helps to remove waste from your body. If cells within your colon grow too fast, you can develop colon polyps, and those polyps can lead to cancer.
If you have early-stage colon cancer, you might not have any symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they could include:
Abdominal pain
Bleeding
Change in bowel habits
Weakness or tiredness
Unexplained weight loss
This is the most reliable test for finding polyps. It involves looking at your colon and rectum with a video camera attached to a long, flexible tube. After you undergo a bowel cleansing procedure, a doctor passes the tube through your rectum and colon.
These tests involve you providing a stool sample. Doctors examine the sample for hidden blood or altered DNA. These may be signs of polyps or cancer.
The test involves passing a thin, lighted tube through your rectum. Doctors use it to looks for polyps in the portion of your colon closest to your rectum and your rectum itself. The rectum is the lowest portion of your colon where your body stores stool. Like a colonoscopy, this test requires bowel cleansing beforehand.
This test uses a CT scan to view your colon after a bowel cleansing procedure.
Other risk factors include:
Diabetes
Heavy alcohol use
History of colon polyps
Inactive lifestyle
Inflammatory intestinal conditions, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
Low-fiber, high-fat diet
Obesity
Previous abdominal radiation
Smoking
Having regular colonoscopy screenings is the best way to prevent colon cancer. Doctors recommend routine colonoscopies beginning at age 45. If you have a family history of colon cancer or other known risk factors, your doctor might suggest earlier screenings.
If you have colon cancer, you might need surgery. The type of surgery you will need depends on the size of your cancer.
For smaller cancers, your doctor might recommend a polypectomy.
Some cancerous polyps can be removed during a colonoscopy. The removal of polyps is called a polypectomy. If polyps can't be removed during a colonoscopy, your surgeon might recommend minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery. During this procedure, surgeons make small incisions in your abdomen. These incisions are used to insert a tiny camera and special surgical instruments.
For larger cancerous polyps that cannot be removed through a polypectomy, your doctor may recommend a colectomy.
During this procedure, surgeons remove the cancer and some healthy tissue around the cancer. A colectomy is also called a segmental resection. Some colectomy surgeries are performed laparoscopically. During a laparoscopic procedure, a surgeon makes small incisions in your abdomen. These incisions are used to insert a tiny camera and special surgical instruments.
Others might require a traditional open surgery approach. Later-stage cancers could require a total colectomy. During a total colectomy, surgeons remove the entire colon. After a colectomy, your surgeon will repair the function of the colon. This can include the creation of an opening in your abdomen (stoma) so waste can leave your body.
Medication treatments for colon cancer include chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Chemotherapy works by killing cancer cells. Targeted therapy slows cancer cell growth. Immunotherapy makes your immune system attack cancer cells.
Radiation therapy uses radiation to kill cancer cells.
We offer advanced treatments options for patients facing colorectal cancer that has metastasized to the liver.
Hepatic Arterial Infusion (HAI) therapy
Hepatic Arterial Infusion (HAI) therapy is an innovative, targeted approach that delivers chemotherapy directly to the liver from a small pump that is surgically implanted. This precision treatment allows for chemotherapy to be delivered in high concentration directly to the liver while sparing healthy tissue and reducing challenging side effects for patients. This treatment is particularly effective for patients who are not candidates for liver surgery. It is also used to lower the chance of cancer coming back in patients who have had all colorectal liver metastases removed.
Our multidisciplinary team evaluates each patient to determine if they are candidates for this therapy option.
Liver transplant
Our experts serve patients who have colorectal liver metastasis if they qualify for a living liver donor transplant. This procedure treats patients whose colorectal cancer was removed but have liver metastases that cannot be surgically removed.
The transplant procedure
Candidates for transplant will undergo a standard transplant evaluation. The patient with cancer must have a potential living liver donor as deceased donation is not a standard option. The surgeon removes the cancer patient’s liver and replaces it with a portion of the donated liver. The donor’s liver, and the recipient’s liver, will grow to the size needed to support each patient. A recent study from Europe showed a 5-year survival rate increase from 9 percent without liver transplant to over 50% with liver transplant. Complete this form to be evaluated.
Kayla's transplant story
Learn how Kayla received a liver from a living donor to combat colorectal cancer.
Advancing our understanding of colon cancer
We want to prevent cancer and find better treatments. To do this, colon cancer experts at UW Health and the UW Carbone Cancer Center conduct laboratory research and clinical trials.
Find a clinical trialAt the UW Health | Carbone Cancer Center, we work together to provide the exact care you need, when you need it.
Our team includes:
Colorectal surgeons
Digestive disease specialists
Genetic counselors
Integrative medicine physicians
Medical oncologists
Nutritionists
Palliative care professionals
Pathologists
Psychologists
Radiation oncologists
Social workers
The UW Health | Carbone Cancer Center is designated as a Comprehensive Cancer Center by the National Cancer Institute. This is the highest designation given by the nation’s leading cancer research group.
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The UW Health | Carbone Cancer Center offers many resources for patients and families faced with cancer.
UW Health | Carbone Cancer Center
The experts at the UW Health | Carbone Cancer Center intimately understand every type of cancer. We will get to know you and design a treatment plan that works for you and your family.