There are more than 90,000 people in the nation waiting for a kidney transplant, and wait times are increasing. Living kidney donors save the life of the recipient and reduce the number of people on the deceased donor waitlist. At UW Health, we honor living kidney donors as life-saving heroes.
Living kidney donation happens when you give one of your kidneys to someone whose kidneys are failing. During this surgery, your kidney is removed and placed into the recipient’s body. You can live well with one kidney, and the recipient will have better health with their new kidney. A transplant from a living kidney donor is the best option for people who need a kidney transplant.
Why choose UW Health?
The UW Health Transplant team has been serving living kidney donors for more than 55 years. We are nationally respected for our surgical expertise and outstanding patient outcomes. Our team focuses on thorough patient education and creating personalized donation plans to support your needs.
We are the largest and most active living kidney donation program that works with the National Kidney Registry. We are a Center of Excellence for most insurance networks and a certified living kidney donor center for adults and children. U.S. News & World Report ranks University Hospital as Wisconsin’s top hospital.
A kidney transplant can happen as soon as a donor is found, approved and ready to donate. Getting a kidney from a living donor is better for the recipient because:
The recipient will get transplanted sooner, ending or avoiding dialysis
Living kidney transplant surgeries can be scheduled, making recovery easier
The kidney may be a better match to the recipient, and will come from a person who has been tested to ensure they are very healthy
A kidney from a living donor will last much longer than one from a deceased donor, lessoning their need for another kidney in the future
Living kidney donation removes someone from the waitlist, so others can receive transplants
You do not need to be related to recipient. You do not need to have matching blood types. If you are older than age 18 and in good physical and emotional health you can apply to be a living donor. We offer many options for living kidney donation where you can save one life, or several.
Most expenses, including your donation evaluation, tests and surgery, are paid by the recipient's insurance. You will pay for your own travel expenses including food, gasoline and hotel. You will need time off from work and may not have paid leave for this use. UW Health works with several programs that may reimburse you for some of these expenses. Our social workers tell you what costs to expect, share information about tax benefits and explain ways to get help with expenses.
Not everyone who considers donation can or will donate. Our Independent Living Donor Advocate represents you, the donor to make sure your decision remains private. They are responsible for representing your wishes, discussing any issues and being your advocate.
If you would like to speak to someone who was a living donor, please call us at (608) 263-1384 and ask about our living kidney donor mentor program.
It's easy to assume that if you want to help, you will just offer to donate a kidney. In fact, you may be waiting to be asked or might think someone else is already going to donate. You may want to do some reading about living kidney donation. We support communication that clearly states that a living kidney donor is needed.
If you or a loved one needs a kidney transplant, quickly tell your close family and friends that a living donor kidney transplant is the best option. Some people who need a kidney transplant have a living donor champion - a person or people who help get the message out further. Our education materials will improve their chances of finding a living kidney donor.
Patients and living donor champions should let people know why a living donor transplant is needed.
Explain why a kidney transplant is needed and how kidney disease and dialysis is affecting the patient's life.
State why living donation is the best option. Read our Introduction to living kidney donation to learn important facts.
Highlight that a living donor does not have to be related to the recipient or have the same blood type. Our options for living kidney donation explain the ways anyone who is healthy enough to donate can donate.
There are many ways to share the story:
Carry our wallet card and give it to people so they can learn more
Telephone friends/start a phone tree
Make a video
Post a flier
Local newspaper story
Radio ad
Billboard
Write a message on a car window or t-shirts, get creative!
Direct donation happens when you are a good match with your intended recipient. This is often your family member or close friend, but your kidney may be a great match to a stranger. Your kidney is donated the same day it is transplanted into the recipient. Given your emotional connection to the recipient, the timing and ease of moving the kidney from you to your recipient, this is a common type of donation.
Non-directed donation happens when you want to donate a kidney, but do not know who will receive it. All non-directed donors at UW Health are listed with the National Kidney Registry. Your kidney may start a kidney exchange that could result in more transplants. Your kidney may go to someone on our wait list, or someone on the waitlist at another transplant center that participates in the National Kidney Registry. Timing for donation is based on when you and the recipients are ready.
A paired kidney exchange happens when you do not match your intended recipient. You will donate to someone else, and your intended recipient gets a kidney from a stranger. These exchanges can happen between two donors and recipients, or many donors and recipients. Paired kidney exchange is most common when a donor and recipient have different blood types, or the recipient has sensitivity issues, or other reasons why they are not a good match. We will list you and your recipient with the National Kidney Registry. Our team decides what types of donor kidneys we will accept for each recipient. When a match is found, we decide if it’s a good kidney for that recipient and if it is, surgery dates are set. If the match is not good, the donor and recipient will stay listed for future matching. Timing is based on when you and the recipient are ready.
A compatible share donation happens with your kidney matches your intended recipient, but a different donor might be a much better match. When kidneys are well-matched to the recipient, they last longer and cause fewer problems. Ways we look for better matching kidney can be for age, size or anatomy. Some donors may choose this option so they can help more people by starting a kidney exchange. We will list you and your recipient with the National Kidney Registry. Our team decides what types of donor kidneys we will accept for each recipient. When a match is found, we decide if it’s a good kidney for that recipient and if it is, surgery dates are set. If the match is not good, the donor and recipient will stay listed for future matching. Timing is based on finding a better match, and when you and the recipient are ready.
This type of donation happens if you are ready to donate now, but your intended recipient does not yet need a transplant but may in the future. It is a paired-exchange donation through the National Kidney Registry, but there is time between when you donate and when your intended recipient gets a kidney. A voucher will be provided based on the timing:
Standard voucher: Given to your intended recipient who needs a kidney transplant within the next year.
Family voucher: Given to up to five intended recipients who will not likely need a transplant within the next year. If any of these five people ever need a kidney transplant, they would get a living donor kidney.
This type of advanced donation helps if you are ready to donate but have a window of time when you can donate. This could happen if you have a job like teaching, or if you have a life event that must be avoided, like a wedding or travel.
Read our living kidney donation website and discuss it with your support system.
We use this online screening tool to gather information about your health to decide if you are healthy enough to donate a kidney. The tool asks questions about current and past health, family history and risk factors. Our team will review the responses and contact you. If you learn you are not able to donate, there are many other ways you can help. (See Donor Champion)
Evaluation day is an eight-hour day at the UW Health Transplant Clinic at University Hospital in Madison, Wis. We will share a large amount of information about living kidney donation. We are very careful and thorough as we evaluate your health. If you are very eager to donate you may question the amount of testing. Remember that our team must consider everything they know about your health when we decide if you can safely donate.
There are three parts to the evaluation:
Medical tests
Health history and physical exam
Blood and urine test
Chest x-ray
3D reconstruction CT/CAT scan and MRCP of abdomen
Electrocardiogram (EKG) to record the electrical signals in the heart
Other tests/consults as needed
Meetings with living donor team members
Social worker
Nephrologist (kidney specialist)
Transplant surgeon
Dietician
Transplant nurse coordinator
Independent living donor advocate
Education about living donation
Donation process
Risks
Donation options
Surgical procedure
Pain management
After-surgery care
After evaluation, our living donor experts will review the results of all your tests. This experienced team decides if donation is a good option for your or if more tests are needed. We will share information with you, answer your questions and discuss options for donation.
You are approved to donate a kidney if you are medically approved, emotionally prepared and have no psychosocial risks to donation. If you are not approved to donate, it’s because our experts have decided that the medical, emotional and/or psychosocial risks of living donation are too high. You may experience a range of emotions including sadness, disappointment, relief and/or confusion. Remember, the time and effort put into this process is a powerful act of support. Transplant recipients often say that what was most meaningful to them was their loved one’s desire to help. You can still help the recipient by being their donation champion and/or by providing family and/or pet support, meals, driving assistance and/or companionship for the donor or recipient.
UW Health has six different ways a living kidney donor can donate. Some may be better for you or the recipient. These options allow you to donate even if your blood type, anatomy and/or timeline for surgery does not match with your recipient.
This is the time when you will make your final decision about donating your kidney. You can choose to not donate at any time in the process. Our independent living donor advocate is ready to talk with you if your decision to donate changes. Your privacy is always protected, including all your decision-making concerns. We will also discuss financial considerations, caregiving and family roles and the support you will need while healing. We will also discuss body image, because you will have small scars on your abdomen and some donors say they feel different about their body and overall physical appearance. (Donors can speak with their surgeon to discuss options to lessen scarring.) Some donors also experience mood changes and feel depressed or struggle to cope while they are recovering and are limited in normal daily activities. Some donors have changes in relationships with their family or the recipient of their kidney.
After the donation decision is made, we will either schedule your surgery or wait for a match for paired-exchange donation. Before surgery, you will meet with the medical team, who will check for any changes in your health. They will teach responsible pain management, discuss ways to improve your recovery and answer any questions.
You must bring these things to the hospital:
Any medications you take every day
Comfortable clothes that will be loose around the incision
Walking shoes
We suggest you bring:
Personal and comfort items such as toothpaste, shampoo, pillows
Books or other things to stay busy
Do not bring any items of value.
The big day!
This is an outline of your surgery day:
Arrival at University Hospital
First Day Surgery, third floor near F elevators
Drink recovery juice three hours prior to OR time
Meet surgeon/anesthesiology
Get IV placed
Operating Room 3-5 hours
Transfer to operating table from hospital bed
Positioning with pillows and blankets
Put to sleep for surgery
Catheter placement
Recovery Room ≥ 1 hour
Wake up
Adequate pain control
Memory may be fuzzy
Transplant Unit B4/6
Day of surgery
Up and walking
Clear liquids/ice chips
Pain management
Deep breaths/coughing
Interrupted sleep for overnight vital checks
May be able to eat solid food for dinner
Remainder of stay (1-3 days)
Remove catheter
Walking 3-5 times/day
Bowel movements
Checking vitals
Pain management
Eating solid foods
There are two types of donor surgeries: laparoscopic and open. Almost all donor surgeries (more than 99 percent) are done with the laparoscopic method where a few tiny incisions (5-10 mm) are made and a camera and instruments are inserted. The kidney is removed through a small incision at the pant line.
This is a safe procedure, but all surgeries have risks. Risks include:
Significant bleeding (rare)
Blood transfusion (rare)
Return to the operating room (very rare, <1 in 100)
Wound complications (rare)
Developing high blood pressure (risk may be slightly higher for donors)
Renal failure over lifetime (after donation = <1 in 100)
Death during the surgery (very low, estimated at 3 in 10,000 individuals)
You will recover on the transplant unit at University Hospital. Common issues for donors include bloating, nausea and tiredness. You will be up and walking very quickly and can return to a regular diet. Our team follows a rapid recovery program. With responsible pain management, you will go home two days after donation. Before you leave the hospital, you will be scheduled for your first follow-up visit at the transplant clinic, which happens 1-2 weeks after donation.
You may experience soreness with activity, a poor appetite and unusual bowel habits. This checklist includes important reminders to improve recovery:
Take as much time off from work as is needed, depending on job role
Use responsible pain management and don't drive while on narcotic pain medications
Go for a walk, but limit strenuous activities
Avoid constipation by eating a diet high in fiber
Rest
Contact the transplant team if needed
You will recover at your own pace. Most donors return to their regular lifestyle by six weeks after donation. We encourage you to be committed to your health and wellness. We recommend a healthy diet and exercise to support good health and the remaining kidney. Six months after donation, and annually near the donation date, you must complete blood and urine tests and have your blood pressure checked. For your lifetime, we recommend that you have an annual physical, including blood pressure monitoring and blood and urine tests that monitor kidney function.
Our highly experienced team delivers compassionate care to living kidney donors. We consider you a hero for your generous gift of life. We dedicate ourselves to supporting your decisions. We are committed to your health and will work to provide customized care.
Your living kidney donation team includes experts in nephrology (kidney medicine), living kidney donation and kidney transplantation. Our social workers, financial counselors and living donor advocate also provide ongoing support.
UW Health is an academic medical center, so we are always researching and improving every aspect of living kidney donation and transplantation. We provide thorough education to you and your support team. We are dedicated to giving you the best living kidney donation experience .
David Al-Adra, MD, PhD, FACS, FRCSC
Transplant SurgeryDavid Aufhauser, MD
Transplant SurgeryFahad Aziz, MD
Transplant MedicineJustin Blazel, NP
Transplant MedicineDavid Foley, MD
Transplant SurgeryNeetika Garg, MD
Transplant Medicine
We offer living kidney donation services and surgery at University Hospital in Madison.
University Hospital Kidney Transplant Clinic
Our patients share their living kidney donation stories.
We offer many helpful resources for before and after your living kidney donation surgery.
Anyone who is older than age 18 and in good physical and emotional health can apply to be a living donor. UW Health participates in the National Kidney Registry, a kidney exchange program that matches donors and recipients from across the nation.
A donor and recipient do not have to have matching blood types. Anyone who is older than age 18 and in good physical and emotional health can apply to be a living donor.
A donor and recipient do not have to be related or have matching blood types.
The kidney can last two times longer than a deceased donor kidney.
The recipient will have a shorter wait time, often just months instead of years, when the recipient is in better health.
The surgery is scheduled when it works best for the donor and recipient, and recovery is easier.
The recipient receives a great kidney and the best match.
It shortens the deceased donor waitlist by removing the recipient.
This is a safe procedure, but all surgeries have risks. Risks include:
Significant bleeding (rare)
Blood transfusion (rare)
Return to the operating room (very rare, <1 in 100)
Wound complications (rare)
Developing high blood pressure (risk may be slightly higher for donors)
Renal failure over lifetime (may be slightly higher for donors)
Death during the surgery (very low, estimated at 3 in 10,000)
Tests ensure donors are healthy enough to donate. It is a very thorough evaluation. There are three parts to the donation evaluation: medical tests, education about living donation and review and discussions with our living donation team. Our team includes social workers, kidney specialists, surgeons, dieticians, nurse coordinators and our living donor advocate.
There are two types of donor surgeries: laparoscopic and open. Almost all donor surgeries (>99%) are done with the laparoscopic method where a few tiny incisions (5-10 mm) are made and a camera and instruments are inserted. The kidney is removed through a small incision at the pant line. The surgery takes about three hours. The donor often goes home two days after surgery.
Donors can usually leave the hospital two days after donation. Everyone recovers at their own pace. Most donors return to their regular lifestyle by six weeks after donation.
Most expenses, including the donor’s evaluation and surgery, are paid by the recipient’s insurance. Donors will pay for their own travel expenses, including food, gasoline and hotel. A donor will need time off from work and may not have paid leave for this use. Our team will share information about what costs to expect, as well as information about tax benefits and hot to get help with expenses. In the state of Wisconsin, donors may subtract up to $10,000 from their federal adjusted gross income for these costs on their state income tax form. An employee of the state of Wisconsin may also receive 30 days paid leave of absence for donating a kidney.
During recovery, the donor will be seen for follow-up care at the UW Health Transplant Clinic in Madison, Wisconsin. For their lifetime, we recommend donors have an annual physical, including blood pressure monitoring and blood tests that monitor kidney function. There are no special diets or medicines that need to be taken after kidney donation.
The UW Health Transplant Program has been one of the nation’s most respected leaders in organ donation and transplantation for more than 50 years. Our team has completed more than 15,000 transplants and is one of the largest kidney transplant centers in the world. Our living donor kidney program began in 1966 and has served more than 3,000 living donors.
Education materials
Stay connected and promote donation
Use social media on the many channels where UW Health is active
Become a mentor. Living donors are paired with people who are considering live donation to share their experiences and help others during their decision-making process.
Be a living kidney donation champion
Join our Patient and Family Advisory Council to improve the patient experience by sharing feedback with our transplant professionals.
Patient resources
National leaders in transplant care
View more information important to every transplant patient.
Transplant services